Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Death of Best Medical School Application Essay Samples

The Death of Best Medical School Application Essay Samples The Pain of Best Medical School Application Essay Samples Writing the ideal essay won't matter much if it's the case that you don't pick a school that fulfills your needs. Despite exceptional grades, a poorly written essay provides you with a poor name. Make It Interesting Perhaps the most essential objective of all though is to continue to keep your essay interesting. Permit yourself plenty of time to compose the essay. If you are searching for admission essay writing service, look no more. Really, the very last thing you will need is a verbose essay, droning on. It is imperative to have wide data in the diversity essay. To accomplish this, brainstorm on topics which you are passionate about. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating job in their opinion. Best Medical School Application Essay Samples - Dead or Alive? Diversity, even though it might be an intangible notion or quality, still requires tangible evidence. Our organization is vast in knowledge in a variety of fields. The process has easy and easy things to do to follow through. Be certain to include the specifics of the most important obstacles which you have overcome to reach increased education. To get essay online, you merely will need to fill in the application form and you'll get superior work on the desired topic. On the flip side, the section itself may grow to be too long and difficult to navigate. The practice starts with choosing the topic if it's not specified. There's no general instance of the structu re to follow. The Foolproof Best Medical School Application Essay Samples Strategy Other folks offer complete low excellent work free of revision to the papers. Essays are a really important portion of the application process, states Stacy. The application essay is a significant portion of the application for admission to. Best Medical School Application Essay Samples: No Longer a Mystery One other important part is to maintain your words brief and not deviate from the topic matter available. Don't forget that things on the internet aren't a secret. Your own personal statement should highlight interesting facets of your journeynot tell your whole life story. Whatever you say should drive toward a last point. For your essay, select the details that you would like to highlight in order to best answer the question available. The more time you've spent writing your statement, the not as likely you should spot any errors. Your own personal statement should produce the commi ttee want to meet you when they finish reading your writing. Good personal statements frequently have a strong awareness of narrative. For instance, if a school focuses a whole lot on community service and you've got similar experiences, mention that. As a pre-requisite to joining medical school you might be asked to compose a health school essay. Being accepted to a dream school is the largest desire of all the health care students. Before you begin writing, take some opportunity to reflect on why you're pursuing medical school. There is not a particular set of requirements that may be applied for every other medical school. The most typical mistake is when students try to tailor their application to demonstrate they are the sort of student the admissions committee seeks. Admissions teams are reading many applications, and they wish to be in a position to rapidly understand what it is you are attempting to say. Luckily, there are lots of colleges that either don't want a supplement or give the selection of an optional supplement. Essay is a fundamental sort of paperwork you always need to deal with while studying. Defining my upcoming profession is a critical stage in my life. Again, take into consideration how your previous experiences fit into your future objectives. Don't write about volunteering just because you believe it is the ideal topic. Here's What I Know About Best Medical School Application Essay Samples Thus, tell us why you wish to be a health care provider. You might have known you wished to turn into a doctor for years maybe even since childhood. It's okay not to know precisely what type of doctor you are interested in being. An excellent doctor needs to be brave. After all of the dedication, work, and involvement you will have needed to develop into a strong applicant for medical school, it is very important to respect the journey you've been on and take some time to assess, consider, and reflect on the journey itself so that you could do your very best writing. Your healthcare school personal statement isn't a place to just rehash your transcripts or qualifications. If you put all of the information into the education section, you may rest assured nothing is going to be left out. You are able to visit us to secure more info on any subject that's in question in medical school.

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

My Personal Philosophy My Philosophy Of Philosophy

I am a philosopher: always have been, always will be. The moment I stop questioning the world that we currently reside in, I would cease to follow my inquisitive qualities. While there are moments when I accept things for what they truly are, I’m often caught in the act of trying to piece together the world and its elements. Christ has called me to live a unique life. A life where I am told to have a certain type of faith while maintaining an eternal ideology. How this all works in the end, I cannot tell you. But I believe that Christ is real, he’s allowed me to survive stressful and unnerving situations before, and he’s provided me a guiding light within my own life. I grew up in a Catholic home with my father serving as the spiritual†¦show more content†¦Before, I considered God to be a protector of all, but overtime, I slowly became more and more skeptical of his abilities. At this point in my life, I decided to venture out and even slowly start to question the concepts of other religions. Eventually, I realized that I could not forsake my own Catholic faith. During my junior year of high school, God provided me with a series of tests that would further cement my faith. I vividly recall during the summer before my junior year, I would often visit my friends at my Church’s youth ministry group. Here, we would sit in on our minister’s discussions about faith in the high school setting. As I sat with my friends and listened in on their questions dealing with the concept of faith, I realized that there was a disconnect between me and God. I was lacking something within my heart when it came to the concept of faith: trust. It’s apparent that nobody knows all the answers when it comes to faith, but many are content to live with a sense of mystery when it comes to God, who isn’t the easiest to define. For a person such as myself, this proves to be of great difficulty, since I’m always looking and questioning for answers. The unknown is somet hing I’m not accustomed to accepting, and it’s for this reason why I found myself at a crossroads with God. This lack of trust continued to grow in my high school years, and I was about to make the decision to give up my journey of seeking Christ. However, this allShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy958 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Æ' My philosophy is to do something I love. I realized that teaching was my passion by experiencing many other things that weren’t. I tried to immerse myself in other topics, such as business but it just did not feel right to me. By pursing education I can do something I love every day. I believe it is very important to have a strong passion and knowledge in the field you choose to follow. From my past experiences, to educate one another, one must have a strong backbone so the students know whatRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Philosophy968 Words   |  4 Pagesway of thinking and reasoning. In my studies I have learned that philosophy is the study of knowledge, reality, and human existence. Socrates once said, â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† I agree with this statement, because I believe any intellectual person must question the world around them. Questioning different aspects of life is a vital way to gain knowledge. During my search for knowledge, I began to develop my own personal philosophy. Our philosophies are largely based off of our perceptionsRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy : My Philosophy2538 Words   |  11 Pageswould treat all of my stuffed animals with various cuts or â€Å"boo boos†. However, this dream I had continued to stay with me as I grew older, but the complexity of my dream began to change. I still had the mentality of wanting to heal others, but the reasons behind it began to develop and this can be shown through my personal philosophy. Defining my personal philosophy begins with incorporating my professional philosophy. I believe that my personal and professional philosophy is congruent in thatRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy929 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy My whole life I have wanted to teach. Ever since watching my kindergarten teacher write on the chalk board, create fun activities, and grade papers I knew I wanted to teach. My motives have changed since that time in my life. I want to teach because it brings me a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction when I know I am helping another person grow intellectually and as a person. Whether it s inside or outside of the classroom, I will try my best to help my students succeedRead MorePersonal Philosophy : My Philosophy1257 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy My nursing philosophy is helping people in terms of humanistic care, that I discovered it when I was a fourth year nursing student. From my philosophy, I desired to be a family and community health nurse. Since I became a nursing student, I never considered that I needed to have a nursing philosophy to navigate my career. I practiced in hospitals about three years, which I got both negative and positive experiences. In particular, I figured out that working in hospitals persuadeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Philosophy902 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Philosophy My personal philosophy its important for me that I stay true to my personal, moral and ethical values that has followed me throughout my life. The American Nursing Association stats â€Å" The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth†. (American Nurse Association, 2011, p. 7) Jean Watson says that nursing should be â€Å"concerned with theRead MoreMy Philosophy And Philosophy Of Personal Educational Philosophy1042 Words   |  5 PagesIt is true that many educators do not know what their educational philosophy is. However it is imperative for educators and future educators to know their personal educational philosophies so that they can be accountable, explain how they teach, what they are doing and why. My personal Educational philosophy is made up of four components; metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. My educational Philosophy Metaphysics (reality) is a combination of realism and idealism, that the mind, spiritRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy : My Educational Philosophy1747 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract My educational philosophy can be summarized in one word â€Å"family†. Every thing can begin and end with the family. This paper examines my personal belief that a student has higher success rate in life when they have a supportive, loving family environment. The primary roles of a mother and father in today’s society are drastically lacking. These particular reasons vary from absentee fathers, overworked single mom, and/or grandparents having to assume the role of parents again. My theory startingRead MorePersonal Philosophy : My Educational Philosophy1452 Words   |  6 Pages When I first set out to write my educational philosophy, I had absolutely no idea what to write about, to be perfectly honest. So, I thought that I would start with the most essential aspect of an educational philosophy: why do I want to become a teacher? The reason why I want to teach is because I want to be able to impact young people’s lives and help them to learn how to become successful citizens in our world. I feel that it is important that no matter what students do with their lives, theyRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Education1826 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most of themselves in life. The principles behind this plan defers between educators, but most have the same goal in mind; to make a difference in the education system for newer generations of students. My philosophy of education at the beginning of the term was based directly on my personal experiences as a student in the school I previously attended. The attitude I carry now reflects a more logi cal understanding of a student and teacher’s mind as well as the factors that contribute to a good

Monday, December 9, 2019

Advertising and Ans free essay sample

Mans: Bind gas Walla body spray. 7) What techniques are used? Explain the techniques Mans: Brand wagon: The product can be used by maximum consumers as it is reasonable and has great benefits. 8) Did you see any biases or stereotyping? Mans: No 9) What was the most memorable slogan or jingle? Mans: 800 sprays guaranteed. 10) Which was the most effective technique used for the commercial? Mans: Brand wagon. 2nd ad: Vicki cough drop 1)Mention the target audience of the advertisement. Mans: All age groups. 2)What was the television show before and after the advertisement?Mans: Emotional teacher. 3)Did you like it or no? Y? Mans: yes, liked it. Because it was a simple and sensible. )Mention the time and duration at which the advertisement ends? Mans: Time:- 13: 10 Duration:- assess Mans: Vicki tablet Mans: Vicki ski gold 10 chick chick door Kara. 7)What techniques are used? Explain the techniques. Mans: Brand wagon. As it targets all the age group audiences and can be brought by common man. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Ans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8)Did you see any biases or stereotyping? Mans: No. 9)What was the most memorable slogan or jingle? Mans: Vicki ski gold 10 chick chick door Kara.Mans: Very simple solutions. It gives information to people about what to have when they have a problem like that as shown in the ad. 3rd ad: Naira natural hair oil. Mans: Women (age group 20 to 45) 2) What was the television show before and after the advertisement? 3) Did you like it or no? Y?. Mans: Mans: yes I liked it. Because they just concentrated on the major product and dint involve any external stuff. Time:- 13:11 Duration:- 42 seconds Mans: Hair oil (naira naturals) Mans: Ghana sundae bal. Bas. 7) What techniques are used? Explain the techniques. Mans: Brand wagon.As it is general population. Not much emphasis for a particular group of people. Mans: 2% of the product price goes for childrens education. Mans: Diversion. Along with giving an impact of the product they also highlight owe important education is for everyone. 4th ad:- Ore strawberry Emotional Thatcher. Mans: yes, liked it. They have sweetly expressed the love between sisters through their product. Time: 13:12 Duration: seconds Mans: ore strawberry biscuit Mans: very chocolaty very strawberry Mans: Brand wagon. Because it doesnt target a particular audience.Its for all masses. Mans: Twist Kara, lick Kara aura fir dunk Kara. Mans: Brand wagon was the only technique used. 5th ad:- Foam did wills gel bathing bar Mans: Women (age group 16 to 50) Mans: Yes, liked it. They have shown the benefits of the product and how it returns the skin because of the new elements introduced in the product. Time:- 13:13 Duration:16 seconds Mans: Ham did wills gel bar. Mans: Beautiful you, today tomorrow. Mans: Snob appeal. The consumer thinks it will make him a part of elite as Dippier Podunk is being shown using the product.Mans: Looks like soap, feels like shower gel. Mans: Facts and figures:- They have mentioned the percentage Of different elements used in the product which gives a broad prospective about the product to the consumer. 6th ad: Monika ash Mans: Mostly youngsters and people in the age group between 25 to 35) Emotional Thatcher Mans: yes, like the ad because they have elaborated on the specifications of the product. Time:- 1 3:13 Duration:- 22 sec Mans: Monika ash 501 mobile phone Mans: super smart pocket power. Mans: Brand wagon.Keeping price of the model low they target more audience for the purchase of the product. Mans: Buy Monika ash 501 and get 1 year insurance free. 1 0) Which was the most effective technique used for the commercial? Brand wagon is the only technique used. 7th ad: Dell laptops with windows 8 Mans: Both men and women of age group(1 5 to 40) Mans: no, I dint like the ad. It dint explore much about the product. Time:- 13:14 Duration:- 27 sec Mans: dell laptops with windows 8 Mans: The power to do more. Mans: Eventuated.As consumer doesnt get attracted by the product just by one look of the ad. He analyses more about the product and then decides whether to buy or no. Mans: double the usage speed. Mans: eventuated is the only technique used. Tuesday 1 SST ad: Sunniest Delicious cookies Time:- 16:30 to 1 7:00 Comedy nights with kappa. Mans: yes, liked the ad. It focuses more on the product by relating it with the past events of the persons life so the consumer connects more to it. Time:- 1 6:45 Duration: 44 sec Mans: Sunniest delicious cookies Mans: Perfection.Nothing else. Mans: Brand wagon. Doesnt target a particular class of people. Its for every person. Mans: Ezra as pray, dhoti is muskrat aura deer Sara pray. 2nd ad: Godard no 1 soap 2nd ad: god no 1 soap Mans: Women (age group 20 to 50) Comedy nights with kappa Mans: yes, liked it. The different elements used makes the product more appealing to the target audience. Time:- 1 6:46 Duration:- 35 sec Mans: Godard noel soap with allover and white lily. Mans: Partaker aka sparse. Mans: Brand wagon. Keeping the price moderate increases the sale of the reduce.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay Example

Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES in the APPLICATION of CRIMINAL JUSTICE Mark P. Robertson Deviant Behavior Instructor Tomasina Cook EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE July 30, 2012 There are several Psychosocial Theories pertaining to human behavior. The relation of some of these theories can be directly applied to the Criminal Justice field. Theories focus on why some behavior develops, when and where the development begins, who is affected by it and may be particularly more susceptible, what signs or behaviors to look for, and what may be done to prevent it. Psychologist Terrie Moffitt proposed her Developmental Theory identifying two developmental ‘paths’ or ‘patterns’ in which an individual may exhibit. Moffitt claims that criminal behavior can mainly be classified into one of these categories. Moffitt states that the ‘Life-Course-Persistent (LCP) offender’ continues their antisocial ways and behavior across or throughout all kinds of conditions and situations, and throughout the life course (or life span). This is a developmental path in which the offender shows various psychological and antisocial difficulty, and defiance on a consistent basis at an early age, on through youth and adolescence, and further into adulthood and beyond. It appears as though once LCP’s become involved in a deviant and offensive lifestyle they continue and increase their offending as they grow older. Young children as LCP’s often show evidence of this developmental ‘path’ in ways such as wild temper tantrums and mood swings, to biting and hitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adolescents, LCP’s show signs such as truancy, shoplifting and substance abuse. This may seem like rather common or somewhat ‘normal’ behavior for many younger individuals, and in many cases it is. However, when the young person or adolescent does not ‘grow-out’ of this phase or behavioral ‘pattern’, it can progress into adulthood. The adult LCP may often develop such behavior as robbery, rape, child abuse, even murder. Adult LCP’s show high levels of antisocial behavior, and are almost exclusively male in gender. The offending might even escalate, with the offenses and behavior becoming more violent in nature, more erratic, and unpredictable. As stated earlier, some criminal behavior may be seen or viewed as relatively ‘normal’ behavior for younger individuals, especially males. In fact, most young individuals do ‘grow-up and out’ of this, and choose (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) another developmental pathway. They may offend or display some type of criminal or ‘bad’ behavior as children, adolescents, or young adults, but usually stop in their late-teens to early twenties. Terrie Moffitt states that these ‘youths’ are ‘Adolescent-Limited (AL) offenders’, and these individuals usually do not have or display the early developmental, persistent antisocial, or problem behavioral histories as their LCP counterparts. However the case may be, there is an occasional commonality between LCP and AL youth. Often times, the frequency and severity of offending among LCP and AL youth, is ‘mirrored’. The patterns of offending between them can be almost identical, but with the onset of young adulthood looming near, these patterns then abruptly change. For many reasons, the AL youth realizes that continued offending will not lead to any sort of positive outcome, and he or she then stops. Ultimately, when applied in a criminal justice setting, Moffitt’s developmental theory of the LCP person and the AL person shows that the AL ‘criminals’ or ‘delinquents’ have the ability, or at the very least, are more likely to regain control of their lives. They desist in their malevolent and/or devious behavior when they begin to mature and evolve into a more social, conventional, realistic, and ‘acceptable’ person. The LCP ‘criminal’ or ‘delinquent’ maintains their malevolent behavior, possibly and usually escalating into a more antisocial, unpredictable and dangerous person. LCP’s generally have long histories wrought with aggressive and violent crimes, with genuine ‘disregard’ for legality, posing as a ‘threat’ to everyone. Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed another theory of Psychosocial Development, which focuses on ‘Stages’. He states that each stage plays a major role in the development of personality and psychological ‘skills’. Erikson says there are a series of eight stages, coinciding with infancy to late adulthood, in which a person experiences different ‘challenges’. Each stage requires the successful completion of the prior stage to move onto the next, otherwise incomplete stages may reappear in the future and pose potential problems. However, absolute perfection or mastery of a stage is not necessary. Erikson’s developmental stages are as follows: 1. Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-Sensory, Birth – 2 yrs) 2. Will: Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2 -4 yrs) 3. Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4 -5 yrs) 4. Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5 – 12 yrs) 5. Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13 – 19 yrs) 6. Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 20 – 24, or 20 – 40 yrs) 7. Care: Generativist vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 25 – 64, or 40 – 64 yrs) 8. Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65 – death) In regards to Erik Erikson’s developmental theory of the ‘Stages’, there is particular importance in relation to the criminal justice field. Stage 5, (Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion) plays a key role in psychosocial ability and behavior. ‘Identity’ is unique to every individual. There may be a distinct correlation between identity and why some people stray from the ‘norms’ of society and venture off into a life of deviant or criminal activity. This is especially true when it involves young people. Young people/persons are quite easily influenced, and impressionable. It is a very critical and important time in one’s life, trapped somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is a period of extreme change, extreme choices, and big decisions. Lack of one’s own identity, confusion, and the need and desire to belong, or to ‘fit in’ somewhere, can and often does provoke irrational thought. The inability or difficulty to become accepted by one’s peers gives way to potentially ‘bad’ choices. This can be especially difficult for certain cultural, ethnic, and societal groups. For example, inner-city youth (regardless of race) who grow up in areas with higher crime rates and/or criminal activity, or lower-income families (many with only one parental figure) are by default, at higher risk of ‘exposure’ to criminal activity. They in essence, have little or almost no chance of meeting or interacting with (or being influenced by) someone from the suburbs, or the country (rural areas), where criminal activity is lower. These inner-city youths are more frequently exposed to crime (it is sometimes all they see and know), and without ‘positive’ influence, they are more susceptible to adopt an ‘identity’ relative and according to what they experience on a regular basis. They believe that is the ‘norm’ and in turn, they tend to lean towards what they believe. Rather than having no identity at all, and having the desire to ‘fit in’ somewhere, they naturally fall into place. Unfortunately, the choice(s) for these youths are often very limited, and this is a major problem. This may be a reason why Hans J. Eysenck developed his psychosocial development theory of Personality and Crime. Hans J. Eysenck’s theory is regarded as one of the most influential psychological perspectives on crime today. (Cale, 2006) Eysenck states that criminal behavior is the result of an interaction between certain environmental conditions and certain features of the nervous system. In other words, certain types of personalities, combined with certain types of surroundings, lead to certain types of criminal activity. This equates to a perfect combination of attributes which are a recipe for juvenile, delinquent, and/or criminal behavior. This theory is unlike most contemporary theories of crime, because Eysenck heavily emphasizes that genetic predispositions are largely responsible for antisocial and criminal conduct. Theoretically, some people are just ‘born different’ from the majority of the population, and their genetics result in their inability to adapt and conform to society’s rules, regulations, and expectancies. Therein lays the problem. To assist Eysenck in measuring different variables of, and predisposure to commit crimes and offenses, he developed several ‘questionnaires’. The best known questionnaire would be the British Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). Additional editions would be the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). These questionnaires can be very helpful in providing researchers with valuable insight on how personality traits may coincide with criminality however it is not yet ‘conclusive’ research. Although Eysenck’s theory of Personality and Crime cannot be definitively proven, it is still worth looking at. Criminal justice practitioners would be wise to examine and contemplate its useful and unique suggestions. While there are still several theories on psychosocial development to be discussed, Gerald Patterson’s ‘Coercion Developmental Theory’ is in alignment with Terrie Moffitt’s theory. Patterson states and believes that ‘early starters are at greater risk for more serious criminal offending’. (Bartol and Bartol, p. 65) Patterson theorizes that while early starters are at greater risk, he focuses on how the parents and their roles with their children are more important, and much more instrumental. Essentially when young children experience different types of ‘traumatic’ events (e. g. ivorce, family violence, inconsistent parental discipline), they are prone to or are at greater likelihood to begin using or displaying ‘coercive behavior’. Coercive behavior can become the child’s way of avoiding or escaping his or her immediate (parental, social) environment. This ‘coercive’ behavior could be as minor or u nassuming as lying, temper tantrums, or whining. Eventually this coercive behavior becomes the child’s ‘go to’ strategy to obtain the desired result(s) he or she wants. If left unchecked, or uncorrected by parents, the problem behavior can be prolonged, well into adolescence and on to adulthood. Therefore, parents need to gain and maintain control, in a non-threatening, non-demanding, appropriate way, as early as the coercive behavior is recognized. Summarizing that society has no shortage of people with some type of developmental disability that inhibits or prohibits their behavior, it can usually be traced back or down to its source. In conclusion, the theories discussed here can assist in narrowing down the ‘root’ causes of or perhaps the reasons why some individuals seem to veer astray from societal normality. Whether the causes or reasons are psychological, developmental, or environmental in nature, criminal justice practitioners can utilize these theories to evaluate, and possibly explain the behavior of those in question. REFERENCES, NOTES, and CITATIONS 1. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, 8th Edition, By: Bartol and Bartol 2. Generalist Case Management: A Method of Human Service Delivery, 3rd Edition, By: Woodside and McClam 3. Online Research on Juvenile Delinquency and Criminal Behavior http://www. fbi. gov. juveniledelinquency. icr Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay Example Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Paper PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES in the APPLICATION of CRIMINAL JUSTICE Mark P. Robertson Deviant Behavior Instructor Tomasina Cook EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE July 30, 2012 There are several Psychosocial Theories pertaining to human behavior. The relation of some of these theories can be directly applied to the Criminal Justice field. Theories focus on why some behavior develops, when and where the development begins, who is affected by it and may be particularly more susceptible, what signs or behaviors to look for, and what may be done to prevent it. Psychologist Terrie Moffitt proposed her Developmental Theory identifying two developmental ‘paths’ or ‘patterns’ in which an individual may exhibit. Moffitt claims that criminal behavior can mainly be classified into one of these categories. Moffitt states that the ‘Life-Course-Persistent (LCP) offender’ continues their antisocial ways and behavior across or throughout all kinds of conditions and situations, and throughout the life course (or life span). This is a developmental path in which the offender shows various psychological and antisocial difficulty, and defiance on a consistent basis at an early age, on through youth and adolescence, and further into adulthood and beyond. It appears as though once LCP’s become involved in a deviant and offensive lifestyle they continue and increase their offending as they grow older. Young children as LCP’s often show evidence of this developmental ‘path’ in ways such as wild temper tantrums and mood swings, to biting and hitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adolescents, LCP’s show signs such as truancy, shoplifting and substance abuse. This may seem like rather common or somewhat ‘normal’ behavior for many younger individuals, and in many cases it is. However, when the young person or adolescent does not ‘grow-out’ of this phase or behavioral ‘pattern’, it can progress into adulthood. The adult LCP may often develop such behavior as robbery, rape, child abuse, even murder. Adult LCP’s show high levels of antisocial behavior, and are almost exclusively male in gender. The offending might even escalate, with the offenses and behavior becoming more violent in nature, more erratic, and unpredictable. As stated earlier, some criminal behavior may be seen or viewed as relatively ‘normal’ behavior for younger individuals, especially males. In fact, most young individuals do ‘grow-up and out’ of this, and choose (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) another developmental pathway. They may offend or display some type of criminal or ‘bad’ behavior as children, adolescents, or young adults, but usually stop in their late-teens to early twenties. Terrie Moffitt states that these ‘youths’ are ‘Adolescent-Limited (AL) offenders’, and these individuals usually do not have or display the early developmental, persistent antisocial, or problem behavioral histories as their LCP counterparts. However the case may be, there is an occasional commonality between LCP and AL youth. Often times, the frequency and severity of offending among LCP and AL youth, is ‘mirrored’. The patterns of offending between them can be almost identical, but with the onset of young adulthood looming near, these patterns then abruptly change. For many reasons, the AL youth realizes that continued offending will not lead to any sort of positive outcome, and he or she then stops. Ultimately, when applied in a criminal justice setting, Moffitt’s developmental theory of the LCP person and the AL person shows that the AL ‘criminals’ or ‘delinquents’ have the ability, or at the very least, are more likely to regain control of their lives. They desist in their malevolent and/or devious behavior when they begin to mature and evolve into a more social, conventional, realistic, and ‘acceptable’ person. The LCP ‘criminal’ or ‘delinquent’ maintains their malevolent behavior, possibly and usually escalating into a more antisocial, unpredictable and dangerous person. LCP’s generally have long histories wrought with aggressive and violent crimes, with genuine ‘disregard’ for legality, posing as a ‘threat’ to everyone. Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed another theory of Psychosocial Development, which focuses on ‘Stages’. He states that each stage plays a major role in the development of personality and psychological ‘skills’. Erikson says there are a series of eight stages, coinciding with infancy to late adulthood, in which a person experiences different ‘challenges’. Each stage requires the successful completion of the prior stage to move onto the next, otherwise incomplete stages may reappear in the future and pose potential problems. However, absolute perfection or mastery of a stage is not necessary. Erikson’s developmental stages are as follows: 1. Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-Sensory, Birth – 2 yrs) 2. Will: Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2 -4 yrs) 3. Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4 -5 yrs) 4. Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5 – 12 yrs) 5. Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13 – 19 yrs) 6. Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 20 – 24, or 20 – 40 yrs) 7. Care: Generativist vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 25 – 64, or 40 – 64 yrs) 8. Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65 – death) In regards to Erik Erikson’s developmental theory of the ‘Stages’, there is particular importance in relation to the criminal justice field. Stage 5, (Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion) plays a key role in psychosocial ability and behavior. ‘Identity’ is unique to every individual. There may be a distinct correlation between identity and why some people stray from the ‘norms’ of society and venture off into a life of deviant or criminal activity. This is especially true when it involves young people. Young people/persons are quite easily influenced, and impressionable. It is a very critical and important time in one’s life, trapped somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is a period of extreme change, extreme choices, and big decisions. Lack of one’s own identity, confusion, and the need and desire to belong, or to ‘fit in’ somewhere, can and often does provoke irrational thought. The inability or difficulty to become accepted by one’s peers gives way to potentially ‘bad’ choices. This can be especially difficult for certain cultural, ethnic, and societal groups. For example, inner-city youth (regardless of race) who grow up in areas with higher crime rates and/or criminal activity, or lower-income families (many with only one parental figure) are by default, at higher risk of ‘exposure’ to criminal activity. They in essence, have little or almost no chance of meeting or interacting with (or being influenced by) someone from the suburbs, or the country (rural areas), where criminal activity is lower. These inner-city youths are more frequently exposed to crime (it is sometimes all they see and know), and without ‘positive’ influence, they are more susceptible to adopt an ‘identity’ relative and according to what they experience on a regular basis. They believe that is the ‘norm’ and in turn, they tend to lean towards what they believe. Rather than having no identity at all, and having the desire to ‘fit in’ somewhere, they naturally fall into place. Unfortunately, the choice(s) for these youths are often very limited, and this is a major problem. This may be a reason why Hans J. Eysenck developed his psychosocial development theory of Personality and Crime. Hans J. Eysenck’s theory is regarded as one of the most influential psychological perspectives on crime today. (Cale, 2006) Eysenck states that criminal behavior is the result of an interaction between certain environmental conditions and certain features of the nervous system. In other words, certain types of personalities, combined with certain types of surroundings, lead to certain types of criminal activity. This equates to a perfect combination of attributes which are a recipe for juvenile, delinquent, and/or criminal behavior. This theory is unlike most contemporary theories of crime, because Eysenck heavily emphasizes that genetic predispositions are largely responsible for antisocial and criminal conduct. Theoretically, some people are just ‘born different’ from the majority of the population, and their genetics result in their inability to adapt and conform to society’s rules, regulations, and expectancies. Therein lays the problem. To assist Eysenck in measuring different variables of, and predisposure to commit crimes and offenses, he developed several ‘questionnaires’. The best known questionnaire would be the British Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). Additional editions would be the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). These questionnaires can be very helpful in providing researchers with valuable insight on how personality traits may coincide with criminality however it is not yet ‘conclusive’ research. Although Eysenck’s theory of Personality and Crime cannot be definitively proven, it is still worth looking at. Criminal justice practitioners would be wise to examine and contemplate its useful and unique suggestions. While there are still several theories on psychosocial development to be discussed, Gerald Patterson’s ‘Coercion Developmental Theory’ is in alignment with Terrie Moffitt’s theory. Patterson states and believes that ‘early starters are at greater risk for more serious criminal offending’. (Bartol and Bartol, p. 65) Patterson theorizes that while early starters are at greater risk, he focuses on how the parents and their roles with their children are more important, and much more instrumental. Essentially when young children experience different types of ‘traumatic’ events (e. g. ivorce, family violence, inconsistent parental discipline), they are prone to or are at greater likelihood to begin using or displaying ‘coercive behavior’. Coercive behavior can become the child’s way of avoiding or escaping his or her immediate (parental, social) environment. This ‘coercive’ behavior could be as minor or u nassuming as lying, temper tantrums, or whining. Eventually this coercive behavior becomes the child’s ‘go to’ strategy to obtain the desired result(s) he or she wants. If left unchecked, or uncorrected by parents, the problem behavior can be prolonged, well into adolescence and on to adulthood. Therefore, parents need to gain and maintain control, in a non-threatening, non-demanding, appropriate way, as early as the coercive behavior is recognized. Summarizing that society has no shortage of people with some type of developmental disability that inhibits or prohibits their behavior, it can usually be traced back or down to its source. In conclusion, the theories discussed here can assist in narrowing down the ‘root’ causes of or perhaps the reasons why some individuals seem to veer astray from societal normality. Whether the causes or reasons are psychological, developmental, or environmental in nature, criminal justice practitioners can utilize these theories to evaluate, and possibly explain the behavior of those in question. REFERENCES, NOTES, and CITATIONS 1. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, 8th Edition, By: Bartol and Bartol 2. Generalist Case Management: A Method of Human Service Delivery, 3rd Edition, By: Woodside and McClam 3. Online Research on Juvenile Delinquency and Criminal Behavior http://www. fbi. gov. juveniledelinquency. icr